HEGEMONI BARAT DAN GLOBALISASI : REALITI DAN CABARAN

PENDAHULUAN
 

Abad ke-20 membawa kepada bermulanya perkembangan pesat sains dan teknologi maklumat yang luar biasa. Kepesatan yang begitu cepat dan canggih ini berjaya menciptakan peradaban moden yang menjanjikan pelbagai kemajuan dan kemudahan, sekaligus memenuhi segala tuntutan arus kemodenan. Pelbagai alat sains dan teknologi maklumat berjaya dihasilkan dan kehidupan manusia bertambah mudah dengan segala kecanggihan ini. Namun, dalam manusia leka dengan limpahan kemewahan dan kemajuan ini, penghujung abad ke-20 juga telah diwarnai oleh pelbagai bencana dan kemelut yang hampir semua bidang kehidupan sosial, politik, ekonomi dan sebagainya yang juga sedikit sebanyak berpunca dari kecanggihan teknologi maklumat serta sains teknologi ciptaan manusia .

Abad 21 telah pun berada di hadapan kita, seiring dengan kelajuan proses globalisasi dan dukungan kuat teknologi maklumat dan revolusi komunikasi yang menjadikan kehidupan manusia semakin pantas dan kompleks. Namun, di sebalik kehidupan manusia yang pantas dan serba canggih ini, kita menyaksikan kemelut kemanusiaan pada saat kritikal dan tragis, wabak penyakit yang menular, terrorisrne global, perang saudara yang berterusan dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia. Sana-sini dipaparkan di dalam media cetak dan elektronik kehidupan manusia semakin tragis dengan semakin hebatnya arus kemodenan dunia .

Apabila diimbas kembali akan kehebatan Islam dalam menguasai dunia semenjak zaman Nabi Muhammad SAW hinggalah kepada kejatuhan kerajaan Islam Sepanyol, kita melihat bahawa dunia hidup dalam era yang aman kerana tiadanya dasar penguasaan globalisasi Barat. Namun, kebangkitan tamadun Barat mula menampakkan taringnya selepas kejatuhan kerajaan Islam Sepanyol sekaligus telah membuka era baru kepada dasar penguasaan Barat terhadap negara lain terutamanya negara Islam melalui dasar globalisasi ala-Barat yang diwar-warkan ke seluruh dunia. Inilah yang membawa kepada permulaannya dominasi barat atau disebut sebagai hegemoni Barat.Fenomena yang disebut sebagai hegemoni Barat ini ialah apabila Barat menggunakan kuasanya sebagai kuasa terbesar dunia untuk menguasai politik, ekonomi, budaya, pemikiran, teknologi dan lain-lain. Dan yang paling dahsyat apabila Barat menggunakan kuasa tenteranya untuk menguasai negara yang tidak sehaluan dengannya. Sebagai kesannya, tindakan membalas dendam secara keras juga tidak dapat dibendung lagi dan di sinilah timbul isu keganasan dan terrorism yang selalunya ditujukan kepada pejuang Islam. 

BAB 1 : PENGENALAN HEGEMONI BARAT

1.2 DEFINISI HEGEMONI

Istilah hegemoni berasal daripada istilah yunani,hegeisthai (to lead). Konsep hegemoni banyak digunakan oleh ahli sosiologi untuk menjelaskan fenomena terjadinya usaha untuk mempertahankan kekuasaan oleh pihak pengusasa.

Perkataan hegemoni dalam perkataan Inggeris hegemony membawa maksud pengaruh atau pengusaan. Perkataan hegemoni dalam kamus bermaksud pengaruh atau dominasi ini merangkumi pelbagai sudut seperti politik,ekonomi, sosial, budaya, ketenteraan, pendidikan, pendidikan, perundangan dan sebagainya.

Secara jelas hegemoni sebenarnya bermaksud dominasi oleh satu kelompok terhadap kelompok lainnya, dengan atau tanpa ancaman kekerasan, sehingga idea-idea yang diketengahkan oleh kelompok dominan terhadap kelompok yang didominasi diterima sebagai sesuatu yang wajar (common sense). Dalam hegemoni, kelompok yang mendominasi berhasil mempengaruhi kelompok yang didomnasi untuk menerima nilai-nilai moral, politik dan budaya dari kelompok dominan (kelompok yang berkuasa).

Hegemoni juga boleh diterima sebagai sesuatu yang wajar, sehingga ideologi kelompok dominan dapat disebarkan dan dipraktikkan. Nilai-nilai dan ideologi hegemoni ini diperjuangkan dan dipertahankan oleh pihak dominan sehingga pihak yang didominasi taat terhadap kepimpinan kelompok penguasa

1.2 SEJARAH RINGKAS TAMADUN BARAT

Tamadun eropah atau dikenali sebagai tamadun Barat telah dibahagikan oleh sejarawan kepada tiga zaman utama ,iaitu Zaman Purba yang merujuk kepada tamadun Yunani dan Romawi ,Zaman Pertengahan yang bermula pada sekitar 400M hingga 1600M dan Zaman Moden selepas tahun 1600M, yang kemudiannya menyaksikan kebangkitan Revolusi Sains di barat .Manakala di Zaman Pertengahan telah di bahagikan kepada tiga peringkat iaitu Zaman Pertengahan Awal yang disebut juga sebagai Zaman Gelap eropah dan Zaman Pertengahan Tengah atau disebut juga Zaman Kemajuan Eropah dan Zaman Renaissance .Terdapat juga ahli sejarah mengatakan Zaman Gelap diakhiri pada 800M. Selepas Zaman Gelap muncul pula Zaman Pertengahan Tengah yang disebut juga sebagai Zaman Kemajuan, kerana pada waktu itu Eropah telah mula mengalami pembangunan intelektual yang pesat hasil kemasukan pengaruh ilmu-ilmu dari tamadun Islam di Timur. Zaman pembangunan intelektual ini telah menjadi tapak asas kepada tercetusnya Zaman Renaissance pada sekitar 1450M. Zaman Renaissance ini benar-benar telah mengubah corak penghidupan masyarakat Eropah kepada kemajuan intelek yang begitu tinggi, secara agak drastik hinggalah ke hari ini.

 

1.3 ZAMAN KEBANGKITAN TAMADUN BARAT

1.3.1 PENGENALAN ZAMAN RENAISSANCE

Latar belakang Eropah zaman gelap iaitu zaman tertutup dari sudut ekonomi ,politik dan sosial serta pemikiran yang dikuasai oleh pihak gereja .Rakyat pula pada ketika itu terpaksa bergantung kepada golongan bangsawan .

Latar belakang Eropah selepas zaman gelap iaitu zaman belaku perubahan sikap dan membuka minda serta membawa fahamn baru .

1.3.2 PENGERTIAN RENAISSANCE

Renaissance berasal dari bahasa Perancis yang bermaksud pemulihan atau menghidupkan semula aspek kebudayaan dengan memberi penekanan terhadap pemulihan budaya meliputi aspek ilmu pengetahuan seperti sains , sastera dan seni klasik yang pernah menjulang Eropah sebagai pusat peradaban dunia pada ketika itu.

Zaman Renaissance berlangsung selama dua abad dari pertengahan abad ke 14 sehingga pertengahan abad ke 16. Ianya bermula di Itali kemudian telah merebak ke seluruh Eropah melalui perkembangan intelektual dan pemikiran manusia.

1.3.3 PROSES PENYALURAN ILMU DARI TAMADUN ISLAM KE TAMADUN BARAT DI ZAMAN

PERTENGAHAN

Sebelum bermulanya proses kemasukan ilmu dari tamadun Islam ke tamadun Barat di Eropah, masyarakat barat masih berada di zaman kegelapan, mundur dalam dalam segala aspek kehidupan dan berada pada tahap paling rendah martabat inteleknya. Pada zaman itu, di Eropah terdapat “hanya cebisan-cebisan daripada pemikiran Romawi,,dilonggokan semuanya dalam susunan tulisan-tulisan Martinus Capella, Bede, Isodoe dan juga teknik tertentu, yang terselamat daripada pupus kerana luas edarannya”. Pengajian pada masa itu hanya berkisar di ilmu gereja;gospel yang termaktub dalam Bible, wajib diterima bulat-bulat tanpa sebarang persoalan dan pertikaian. Manakala tokoh intelek pada zaman tersebut tidak kreatif dan tidak menyumbang idea asli. Mereka ini kebanyakannya menjadi penyusun idea-idea yang telah sedia ada daripada tamadun Yunani. Mereka ini kebanyakkannya terdiri daripada kalangan kelompak gereja dan penganut pagan yang belum menerima ajaran Kristian. Antara tokoh-tokoh yang terkenal seperti St. Augustin (351-430), seorang pendeta Kristian yang agak terbuka dan terkenal dengan sumbangannya dalam ilmu kemanusiaan secara am dan Boethius (480-524), seorang tokoh intelek pagan yang masyhur.

BAB 2 : PENGENALAN GLOBALISASI

2.1 Definisi globalisasi

Globalisasi yang dipelopori oleh Barat sebenarnya membawa kepada pelbagai definisi dan penafsiran dari berbagai sudut pandangan. Definisi umum yang dipegang oleh sebahagian daripada kita menafsirkannya sebagai proses pengecilan dunia atau menjadikan dunia sebuah perkampungan yang kecil. Sebahagian kita yang lain menafsirkannya sebagai usaha menyatukan masyarakat dunia dari segi gaya hidup dan budaya. 

Globalisasi merupakan satu proses untuk meletakkan dunia dibawah satu unit yang sama tanpa dibatasi oleh sempadan dan kedudukan geografi sesebuah negara Melalui proses ini, dunia akhirnya tidak lagi mempunyai sempadan dengan ruang udara dan langit sesebuah negara itu terbuka luas untuk dimasuki oleh pelbagai maklumat yang disalurkan menerusi pelbagai perantaraan media komunikasi seperti internet,media elektronik,dan teknologi siber. Perkembangan ini memungkinkan perhubungan diantara sesebuah negara dengan negara yang lain dan perhubungan sesama manusia dapat dilakukan dalam tempoh yang singkat. 

Menurut Kamus Dewan globalisasi didefinisikan sebagai fenomena yang menjadikan dunia mengecil dari segi perhubungan manusia disebabkan kepantasan perkembangan teknologi maklumat. Manakala cediakawan barat mentakrifkan globalisasi sebagai satu proses kehidupan yang serba luas dan infiniti merangkumi segala aspek kehidupan seperti politik, sosial, dan ekonomi yang boleh dirasai oleh seluruh umat manusia didunia ini. Ini bermakna segala-galanya menjadi milik bersama dalam konsep dunia tanpa sempadan.

Dalam era globalisasi ini, dunia semakin dikecilkan ruangnya daripada yang asal. Jika dulu dunia ini seluas saujana mata memandang dan dipagari dengan sempadan-sempadan namun kini ia tidak berlaku lagi. Malah pada hari ini kita telah dapat merasakan apakah dia itu globalisasi. Ledakan teknologi maklumat yang pesat merupakan medium utama kepada agenda globalisasi ini. 

Dunia bukan sahaja tidak bersempadan geografi tetapi pengaruh globalissasi menjangkau sempadan ekonomi, teknologi, bahasa, budaya, ideologi, politik dan dari segenap aspek kehidupan sesebuah masyarakat.

Kerajaan Malaysia memberi keutamaan kepada globalisasi ekonomi. Disamping itu, ia memberi perhatian besar kepada globalisasi maklumat dan ilmu dan globalisasi saintifik serta teknologi Kesungguhan Kerajaan dalam menangani tiga jenis globalisasi ini jelas kelihatan pada berbagai-bagai bentuk wacana di peringkat nasional dan peringkat antarabangsa seperti dialog, seminar, persidangan dan forum dan juga pada penubuhan berbagai-bagai jenis institusi dan projek. Koridor Raya Multimedia (MSC) adalah simbol harapan serta kemegahan Malaysia dalam menyahut panggilan globalisasi. 

Globalisasi juga merujuk kepada perpindahan nilai, terutamanya cara berfikir dan gaya bertindak dari satu daerah dunia kepada daerah dunia yang lain. Globalisasi yang diberi erti luas ini adalah suatu hakikat yang tidak dapat dipertikaikan. Hakikatnya globalisasi itu sudah wujud sebelum istilah globalisasi diperkenalkan lagi. Fenomena globalisasi boleh dikiaskan sebagai gelombang yang melanda dunia. 

2.2 Sejarah globalisasi

Banyak sejarawan yang menyebut globalisasi sebagai fenomena di abad ke-20 ini yang dihubungkan dengan bangkitnya ekonomi internasional. Padahal interaksi dan globalisasi dalam hubungan antarbangsa di dunia telah ada sejak berabad-abad yang lalu. Bila ditelusuri, benih-benih globalisasi telah tumbuh ketika manusia mulai mengenal perdagangan antarnegeri sekitar tahun 1000 dan 1500 M. Saat itu, para pedagang dari Tiongkok dan India mulai menelusuri negeri lain baik melalui jalan darat (seperti misalnya jalur sutera) maupun jalan laut untuk berdagang 

Fasa selanjutnya ditandai dengan dominasi perdagangan orang islam di Asia dan Afrika. Orang islam membentuk jaringan perdagangan yang antara lain meliputi Jepang, Tiongkok, Vietnam, Indonesia, India, Persia, pantai Afrika Timur, Laut Tengah, Venesia, dan Genoa. Di samping membentuk jaringan dagang, kaum pedagang islam juga menyebarkan nilai-nilai agamanya, nama-nama, abjad, arsitek, nilai sosial dan budaya Arab ke warga dunia. 

Fasa selanjutnya ditandai dengan eksplorasi dunia secara besar-besaran oleh bangsa Eropah. Sepanyol, Portugis, Inggeris, dan Belanda adalah pelopor-pelopor eksplorasi ini. Hal ini didukung pula dengan terjadinya revolusi industri yang meningkatkan keterkaitan antarbangsa dunia. berbagai teknologi mulai ditemukan dan menjadi dasar perkembangan teknologi saat ini, seperti komputer dan internet. Pada saat itu, berkembang pula kolonialisasi di dunia yang membawa pengaruh besar terhadap kebudayaan di dunia. 

Semakin berkembangnya industri dan kebutuhan akan bahan baku serta pasar juga memunculkan berbagai perusahaan multinasional di dunia. Di Indonesia misalnya, sejak politik pintu terbuka, perusahaan-perusahaan Eropah membuka berbagai cabangnya di Indonesia. Freeport dan Exxon dari Amerika Syarikat, Unilever dari Belanda, British Petroleum dari Inggeris adalah beberapa contohnya. Perusahaan multinasional seperti ini tetap menjadi ikon globalisasi hingga saat ini. 

Fasa selanjutnya terus berjalan dan mendapat momentumnya ketika perang dingin berakhir dan komunisme di dunia runtuh. Runtuhnya komunisme seakan memberi pembenaran bahawa kapitalisme adalah jalan terbaik dalam mewujudkan kesejahteraan dunia. Implikasinya, negara-negara di dunia mulai menyediakan diri sebagai pasar yang bebas. Hal ini didukung pula dengan perkembangan teknologi komunikasi dan transportasi. Hasilnya, sekatan-sekatan antara negara pun mulai kabur. 

BAB 3- REALITI HEGEMONI BARAT DAN GLOBALISASI KINI

3.1 Media

Globalisasi yang diperkenalkan oleh Barat menjadikan media komunikasi sebagai alat utama yang mampu menyebarluaskan segala maklumat. Oleh kerana Barat menguasai media komunikasi dunia, segala berita dan maklumat yang disiarkan di seluruh dunia adalah lebih berpihak kepada mereka dan menindas mana-mana negara yang tidak bersekongkol dengan mereka khususnya negara-negara Islam. 

Yang jelas, media massa kapitalis di Barat dan sosialis di Timur telah mempengaruhi sepenuhnya media-massa media-massa yang ada di dalam masyarakat Islam dan Arab. Merekalah yang menerbitkan program-program di negara Islam sama ada yang dapat ditonton, didengar dan mencetaknya untuk dibaca. Program-program yang menyebarkan kejahatan, memberi galakan untuk melakukan jenayah, menimbulkan keraguan terhadap akidah dan menghancurkan akhlak dan nilai-nilai yang murni. 

Kerana media di bawah kawalan mereka, segala berita dan maklumat tentunya menyebelahi mereka dan sebaliknya menindas musuh-musuh mereka. Misalnya, agensi berita antarabangsa terutamanya dari Amerika Syarikat menentukan dengan meluasnya bagaimana maklumat tentang peristiwa antarabangsa diolah dan dipersembahkan kepada masyarakat dunia. Manakala Hollywood pula merupakan pengeksport komoditi hiburan terbesar dunia. Amerika Syarikat memperoleh pendapatan melalui perkembangan ini sebanyak 20 bilion ( US dolar ) dan 70% adalah langganan luar Amerika Syarikat iaitu dari negara-negara dunia ketiga. 

3.2 Ekonomi

Globalisasi ekonomi ialah satu kod undang-undang ekonomi seragam yang diamalkan dan digunapakai oleh seluruh masyarakat dunia. Ia membawa kepada penghapusan halangan ekonomi antara sebuah negara dengan negara lain pada kadar yang amat pantas terutamanya dalam tiga aspek utama ekonomi iaitu perdagangan, kewangan dan pelaburan. Globalisasi berlaku dalam ketiga-tiga aspek ini apabila dasar-dasar kerajaan yang mengawal ekonomi asing daripada mempengaruhi ekonomi tempatan semakin longgar dan ekonomi tempatan terpaksa mengikut rentak ekonomi asing yang akhirnya meminggirkan ekonomi tempatan. Ia berlaku dengan mudah akibat perubahan teknologi di mana wang boleh dipindahkan, mata wang diniagakan dan saham boleh dibeli dengan mudah.

Dalam globalisasi ekonomi, kadar mata wang yang tidak tetap dan pasaran modal terbuka, spekulasi mula muncul dan membawa kepada manipulasi mata wang dan saham. Ia kemudiannya membawa kepada peranan tiga buah institusi yang benar-benar menyebarkan globalisasi dan menguasai ekonomi dunia iaitu Dana Kewangan Antarabangsa (IMF), Bank Dunia dan Pertubuhan Perdagangan Sedunia (WTO). 

3.3 Politik

Globalisasi politik juga telah tersebar luas ke seluruh dunia dengan kehebatan penawaran ilmu dan teknologi komunikasi yang mampu menyebarluaskan segala maklumat. Hari ini, politik antarabangsa didominasi sepenuhnya oleh beberapa buah negara kuasa besar (super power) yang secara tidak langsung menggambarkan dominasi dunia Barat. Kita lihat sahaja contohnya di Iraq pada hari ini. Amerika Syarikat yang mendominasi Majlis Keselamatan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB) dengan kuasa vetonya bersama-sama dengan negara Rusia, United Kingdom telah campur tangan dalam politik dalaman Iraq.

Boleh dikatakan dalam hampir semua persengketaan wilayah dan antarabangsa sarna ada di Somalia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Palestin, Kashmir, Iraq dan lain-lain, Amerika Syarikat telah terlibat secara langsung dengan menggambarkan diri mereka sebagai 'polis dunia'. Kedudukan Amerika Syarikat sebagai sebuah kuasa besar dunia yang tidak boleh ditandingi adalah disebabkan kekuatan ketenteraan dan militarinya. Setelah berakhirnya Perang Dingin dan dengan kejatuhan Soviet Union, Arnerika Syarikat telah muncul satu-satunya kuasa besar dunia yang tidak boleh ditandingi.

3.4 Sosial

Pada hari ini, dunia Barat terutama Amerika Syarikat telah membanjiri dunia dengan pengeksportan budayanya. Berlaku pertukaran dan pernyataan simbol yang mencerminkan kehidupan manusia dari segi gaya hidup, kepercayaan, citarasa, dan lain-lain dari Barat ke dunia luar. Antara cabaran globalisasi yang perlu diperbahaskan adalah cabaran ke atas aspek sosial budaya. Ia adalah satu persoalan yang sangat kritikal kerana sesudah terlerainya benteng sosio-budaya sesuatu kelompok masyarakat dapat disempurnakan maka segala usaha bagi mengatasi masalah lain adalah lebih mudah.

Golongan muda sebahagian besarnya sudah terheret di dalam proses globalisasi sosio-budaya. Golongan belia akan menjadi dan terus menjadi sasaran utama globalisasi yang didalangi oleh syarikat-syarikat multinasional dan transnasional. Dalam keghairahan untuk mengejar gaya hidup ala Barat, anak-anak muda ini secara umumnya kini sudah tidak merasa bersalah dengan gaya peniruan secara bulat budaya hidup barat.

Pengamatan yang jelas dapat membuktikan fenomena ini adalah menerusi kesan-kesan globalisasi budaya di bawah :

(1) Budaya Makan : Pelbagai jenis makanan Barat telah dapat dinikmati dan semakin popular di seluruh dunia. Spaghetti, pasta, minuman bergas seperti Coca Cola, Pepsi tidak hanya boleh didapati di Barat malahan di seluruh dunia.

(2) Budaya Fesyen : Anak-anak muda semakin ghairah mengikuti segala perubahan fesyen yang berlaku di Barat. Jenama-jenama alat solek seperti Maybeline, Christian Dior dan jenama pakaian seperti Versace, Bonia, Padini, Levi’s menjadi pilihan generasi muda walaupun mahal harganya.

(4) Budaya Hidup : Majlis-majlis sosial yang menonjolkan acara-acara ala barat serta dunia lakonan dan pembikinan filem cara barat. Masyarakat dunia hari ini juga lebih terdedah kepada budaya yang menggunakan produk rokok yang menajakan budaya hidup barat.

(5) Budaya Muzik dan Hiburan : Muzik jazz, rock, disco dan yang terkini muzik 'black metal' telah mula menguasai dunia. Tempat hiburan Disneyland juga diadakan di luar Amerika. 

3.5 Agama

Barat, telah melaungkan slogan sekular yang telah membataskan agama dan menafikan sebarang peranan yang boleh dilakukan oleh agama dalam usaha memperbaiki, merubah, membawa kemajuan atau tamadun. Konsep-konsep akidah dan pemikiran telah berubah di kalangan umat Islam sehingga kemulhidan telah berkembang di tengah-tengah kesesatan dan kekufuran mereka.

Islam Liberal sudah pun difatwakan sesat dan bercanggah dengan syariat Islam. Akhir-akhir ini pelbagai salah faham terhadap syariat Islam sengaja digembar-gemburkan oleh golongan Islam Liberal yang kuat berpegang kepada ideologi sekular-liberal dan humanisme anjuran Barat. Golongan Islam Liberal ini mengakui berpegang kepada ajaran Islam tetapi Islam yang dibawa oleh mereka adalah Islam yang beracuan pemikiran semata-mata berteraskan ideologi Barat. 

Sister In Islam (SIS) dikaitkan dengan fahaman Islam Liberal seawal bulan Disember 2002 setelah SIS terlibat secara langsung dalam usaha menubuhkan badan antara agama yang mempunyai kuasa undang-undang menyeru kepada kebebasan beragama. SIS juga dikaitkan dengan fahaman Liberal ini apabila sekumpulan aktivis hak asasi manusia yang diketuai oleh SIS sendiri telah melancarkan kempen Anti Kawalan Moral terhadap pihak berkuasa agama dan kerajaan tempatan ekoran tindakan para penguatkuasa Jabatan Agama Islam Wilayah Persekutuan (JAWI) menahan lebih 100 orang pengunjung kelab malam Zouk di Kuala Lumpur. 

1.4 REALITI-REALITI YANG “MENGKRITIK” DUNIA BARAT

Bukan sahaja para sarjana Barat mahupun Islam yang mengkritik tamadun Barat, bahkan realiti dan fakta-fakta ilmiah juga turut mengkritik peradaban Barat secara majazi. Fakta-fakta tersebut juga mewakili keruntuhan tamadun Barat dan membuktikan secara jelas, bahawa Barat sememangnya sudah kehilangan kemanusiaan bahkan sudah jauh dari fitrah manusia.

Terlebih dahulu, fakta-fakta yang terlalu banyak yang dinukilkan oleh Dr. Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi (di dalam buku beliau, Al-Islam… Hadharah Al-Ghad,) mengenai kepincangan yang berlaku di dalam masyarakat Barat, sudah cukup untuk membuktikan betapa dunia Barat hari ini menuju kehancuran (terutamanya dalam aspek kemanusiaan).

Beliau menyimpulkan bahawa, keburukan dan kesan buruk tamadun moden, tergambar dari beberapa sudut iaitu: keruntuhan akhlak, kemusnahan keluarga, kegelisahan jiwa, kecelaruan akal dan jenayah yang berleluasa.

Mari kita susuli satu persatu gambaran-gambaran yang dibentangkan oleh Prof. Dr. Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi, mengenai keburukan yang dibawa oleh tamadun Barat.

1.Keruntuhan Akhlak

Dinyatakan dalam laporan tersebut bahawa malapetaka bom atom dan rasa takut yang bakal menimpa dan meruntuhkan umat manusia adalah satu alasan yang menyebabkan para remaja mengambil prinsip hidup untuk bersenang-senang merasai kelazatan (hedonisme), suatu prinsip kelazatan yang tidak menghormati agama dan ilmu. Ia tidak memperkirakan ikatan keluarga ataupun tanggungjawab sosial. Peraturan yang berjalan sekarang mencari dan terus mencari kenikmatan hidup tanpa jemu. 

Hal ini amat tepat. Jika disingkap, kehidupan sosial masyarakat Barat, sememangnya hiburan-hiburan menjadi pilihan utama para remaja Barat. Artis-artis hiburan turut didewakan sehingga menjadi idola para remaja. Bahkan, nyanyian dan lagu-lagu yang diperkenalkan oleh artis-artis hiburan turut membahawa kepada budaya-budaya tertentu.

Dalam bidang hiburan, budaya-budaya seperti rock, hip hop, trasher, rap, malah punk, dan sebagainya menjadi acuan remaja-remaja dan artis-artis. Mereka saling memperjuangkan budaya-budaya dan imej mereka sehinggakan (kadang-kalanya) terjadi pertentangan dan pergaduhan sesama kumpulan budaya-budaya yang berlainan.

Dalam bidang sosial umum pula, budaya-budaya seperti punk, hip-hop, skin head, hippies, neo-nazi, mafia, gangster dan sebagainya tersebar meluas. Lebih menyebabkan masyarakat Barat tertekan ialah, golongan yang berbudayakan budaya-budaya tersebut sebenarnya berkait rapat dengan kegiatan jenayah-jenayah yang berlaku di sekitar mereka

Golongan tersebut seolah-olah menentang hak asasi manusia, walaupun mereka hidup di negara-negara yang memperjuangkan hak asasi manusia (iaitu negara-negara Barat). Keganasan seolah-olah menjadi rutin harian mereka.

Secara umum pula, masyarakat Barat terdedah dengan gejala seks yang bebas. Para lelaki dan wanita saling bertukar pasangan dan budaya melahirkan anak luar nikah merupakan suatu kebiasaan. Bagi ibubapa yang mendapat tahu anak perempuannya melahirkan anak luar nikah, merekalah yang akan tolong menjaganya tanpa sebarang kejutan atau memberi teguran.

2. Kemusnahan Keluarga

Dr. Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi menukilkan pebagai penyelewengan yang berlaku di dalam insititusi kekeluargaan masyarakat Barat, di dalam buku beliau. Penyelewengan-penyelewengan tersebut adalah seperti menjual anak, tuntutan nafkah kaum lelaki daripada kaum wanita yang lebih kaya daripada mereka (hasil persamaan hak yang dituntut oleh kaum feminisme), ibu sewaan, menghindari kelahiran (tak mahukan anak), pengguguran anak, menentang konsep perkahwinan, perkahwinan sejenis, keluarga tanpa bapa (untuk pasangan lesbian), dan sebagainya. 

Beliau turut mengemukakan fakta-fakta yang amat mengejutkan kita, yang bertentangan dengan fitrah manusia dan tradisi masyarakat Timur. Dalam kajian juga, tamadun Barat sebenarnya turut bertanggungjawab dalam melahirkan jenayah-jenayah dalam rumahtangga.
Jelaslah bahawa, di negara-negara Barat khususnya, keluarga bukan lagi satu tempat yang menjamin kesejahteraan, bahkan boleh jadi suatu tempat di mana keganasan bermula. Tambahan pula, apabila bapa-bapa terlibat dengan arak dan dadah, dan mereka akan melepaskan tindakan yang kejam dalam keadaan mabuk di dalam rumahtangga mereka.

3.Kegelisahan Jiwa

Dr. Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi seterusnya membentangkan kes-kes berkenaan jiwa masyarakat Barat yang amat tertekan dan gelisah. Di samping membentangkan isu-isu kegelisahan masyarakat Hollywood, belau juga turut mendedahkan bahawa, kelahiran golongan hippies dan vagabond juga merupakan natijah permberontakan jiwa masyarakat Barat terhadap tamadun materialistik yang dibina di Barat.

Beliau turut mendedahkan bagaimana kebanyakkan daripada artis-artis Barat yang mengalami kegelisahan jiwa, walaupun berada dalam alam populariti. Hal ini jelas terzahir pada kehidupan artis-artis yang terkenal seperti Garetta Garbo, Brigita Bardot (artis Perancis), Marlyn Monroe, Kurt Cobin dan sebagainya.

4.Kecelaruan akal

S.W Peres menegaskan bahawa, satu daripada setiap dua puluh dua penduduk kota New York harus dimasukkan ke dalam rumah sakit mental dari masa ke semasa. Prof. Alex Carel mengatakan bahawa: “Yang menghairankan, penyakit mental lebih banyak daripada semua pesakit lain secara keseluruhan”.

Hal ini mendedahkan kepada kita bahawa, minda masyarakat yang disaluti oleh perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, sebenarnya dilanda kekusutan. Bahkan, penyakit mental menjadi penyakit utama masyarakat Barat. Bukankah mereka merupakan bangsa yang bangga dengan pencapaian mereka dalam ilmu pengetahuan? Tetapi, dalam masa yang sama, mereka melahirkan begitu banyak orang-orang yang sakit mental?

Bukan sahaja pesakit mental, bahkan ramai dikalangan masyarakat Barat yang terdedah dengan gangguan mental. Kebanyakkan daripada mereka cenderung untuk melakukan jenayah tanpa rasa bersalah.

33% daripada golongan lelaki (Barat) mengakui bahawa, jika mereka dapat lepas daripada ditangkap oleh pihak berkuasa, mereka akan melakukan jenayah rogol.[24] Bahkan, 51% daripada mahasiswa-mahasiswa yang menuntut di kolej-kolej mengakui bahawa, jika mereka yakin dapat lepaskan diri, sudah tentu mereka akan lakukan jenayah rogol.[25].

Inilah corak minda yang lahir daripada mentaliti masyarakat Barat yang terdedah dengan pelbagai bentuk keganasan bahkan terdedah dengan keinginan untuk melakukannya. Inilah yang paling membahayakan sesebuah tamadun manusia, yang akhirnya mengembalikan manusia ke alam hutan dengan jenayah-jenayah mereka.

5. Jenayah dan Ketakutan

Dr. Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi turut mendedahkan fakta-fakta mengenai ketakutan masyarakat Barat terhadap jenayah yang berlaku di sekitar mereka.

4 daripada 10 penduduk merasa bahawa mereka menjadi sasaran pembunuhan, serangan, kecurian dan perogolan. 52% daripada warga bandar-bandar hidup dalam ketakutan sepanjang masa. Ketakutan turut dirasai oleh 41% daripada warga bandar-bandar kecil dan 31% daripada warga pingiran kampung. 52% daripada responden masyarakat Barat menyimpan senjata untuk membela diri mereka. 

Apa yang mereka takutkan? Mereka begitu takutkan jenayah-jenayah yang berleluasa di sekitar mereka.

Namun, gambaran mengenai jenayah yang diberikan oleh Dr. Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi merujuk kepada apa yang berlaku pada tahun 1979. sedangkan, kini sudah masuk ke alaf baru (2005). Adakah jenayah-jenayah yang didedahkan oleh Dr. Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi menurun pada sepuluh tahun terakhir ini (1995-2005)?

Kes rogol di Barat khususnya Amerika amat membimbangkan masyarakat dunia. Sehinggakan, laporan ada menyebut: “Dalam suatu kajian, 13% daripada perempuan-perempuan Amerika yang berumur 18 tahun ke atas, pernah melaporkan bahawa, mereka pernah dirogol sekurang-kurangnya sekali.” (Kilpatrick et al,1992, p.i)

Bahkan, dalam satu statistik umum, 1871 wanita dirogol setiap hari. Lebih malang lagi laporan menyatakan bahawa, jenayah rogol merupakan jenayah yang paling banyak yang tidak dilaporkan oleh masyarakat Barat. Hanya 16% sahaja daripada kes rogol yang dilaporkan kepada pihak berkuasa. Pada 2001, sebanyak 248 250 kes rogol dan jenayah seksual dilaporkan kepada pihak berkuasa. 

Bayangkan, jika 248 250 kes, hanya merupakan 16% daripada jenayah rogol yang berlaku, yang dilaporkan, berapakah sebenarnya kadar jenayah rogol yang berlaku dalam masyarakat Barat!!! Ya, jenayah rogol di Barat telah mencecah lebih jutaan kes pada hakikatnya, pada setiap tahun.

Setiap 2 minit, seorang wanita dirogol di US. 72 daripada 100 000 orang wanita dirogol setiap tahun. 45% daripada perogol-perogol, merogol dalam keadaan mabuk. 47% mangsa mengalami kecederaan yang teruk setelah dirogol. 80% daripada wanita yang dirogol berusia 30 tahun ke bawah.

Di institusi-intitusi pengajian pula (kolej-kolej), 25% daripada mahasiswi-mahasiswi pernah menjadi mangsa rogol. 8.5% daripada mahasiswa-mahasiswa pernah dipaksa untuk melakukan hubungan seks (tetapi tidak dianggap sebagai kes rogol). 47% daripada kes-kes rogol itu berpunca daripda temujanji.[32]

Dalam laporan laman web yang lain, dikatakan bahawa: setiap 6 saat, seorang perempuan dirogol di Amerika Syarikat. Bahkan, seorang daripada 4 orang mahasiswi-mahasiswi di institusi-institusi pengajian yang pernah dirogol atau hampir-hampir dirogol.           Menurut sebuah laman web yang lain (mengenai kes rogol di Barat), http://womensissues.about.com/od/domesticviolence/a/dvstats2.htm, kes rogol turut melibatkan orang-orang yang rapat dengan mangsa bahkan ahli keluarga mangsa sendiri.

Dalam tahun 1992-1993, 5.4 juta perempuan dilaporkan menjadi mangsa jenayah, termasuklah 500,000 kes rogol atau keganasan seksual. 29% daripada keganasan terhadap wanita tersebut dilakukan oleh orang-orang yang mempunyai kaitan dengan si mangsa, samada suami, bekas suami, teman lelaki mahupun teman lelaki. 

503,485 perempuan mendakwa bahawa diri mereka diekori oleh kenalan-kenalan rapatnya dalam keadaan mencurigakan, di Amerika. 76% daripada laporan keganasan terhadap wanita secara fizikal mahupun seksual, melibatkan bekas suami, pasangan, teman temu janji atau teman lelaki. 

BAB 4 : CABARAN GLOBALISASI DAN HEGEMONI BARAT TERHADAP UMAT ISLAM

Telah nampak kerosakan di darat dan di laut disebabkan kerana perbuatan tangan manusia; Allah menghendaki agar mereka merasakan sebahagian dari (akibat) perbuatan mereka; agar mereka kembali (ke jalan yang benar) (Ar-Rum 30:41)

4.1 CABARAN DALAMAN

4.1.1 Ketaatan kepada syara’ dan sistem pentadbiran

Gerakan Islam ialah suatu yang membawa kepada taat akan Allah s.w.t. dan syariatnya. Apabila taat kepada tanzim melebihi taat kepada Allah swt dan syariat akan membawa kepada kebinasaan dan bahaya kerosakan yang amat besar.

Taat itu hanya wajib kepada Allah swt dan perkara-perkara yang berkaitan dengan kebaikan (ma’ruf). Seseorang muslim itu wajib taat kepada Allah swt, Rasul serta ketua yang tidak menyuruh kepada kemaksiatan. Ini memberikan kepada kita satu kaedah taat kepada ketua atau pemimpin itu ada had dan batasnya. Sabda Rasulullah saw : ’Tiada ketaatan kepada makhluk yang menyuruh kepada kemaksiatan’.
 

Terdapat perbezaan yang besar di antara sistem demokrasi dan syariat Allah swt. Demokrasi merupakan hukum pada manusia manakala hukum Islam (syariat) itu hukum pada sisi Allah swt.

4.1.2 Pergolakan di Kalangan umat Islam

Fenomena ini amat jelas seali sehinggakan ia menjadi sebab utama kepada kejatuhan Islam. Berlakunya perselisihan pendapat yang mana masing-masing mengatakan pendapatnya adalah benar, tiada sikap tolak ansur, tolong menolong dan bantu membantu di antara umat Islam.

Dari sehari ke sehari umat Islam hanya sibuk dengan pertelingkahan sesama sendiri. Hanya mengikut hawa nafsu. Tiada lagi pegangan pada ajaran Islam, tiada lagi bersifat sebagai seorang Islam. Tanpa mereka sedari inilah sebab kenapa umat Islam dibunuh dengan mudah.

Sebab-sebab Yang Membawa Kepada Perpecahan

a) Pentadbiran hanya mengikut peredaran zaman dan tidak lagi berpandukan kepada Al-Quran dan sunnah.

b) Sesetengah generasi baru umat Islam yang tidak melihat kepada sejarah Islam.

c) Tiada tindakan bagi memastikan corak pemerintahan (Qiadi) dijaga dan dijadikan panduan kepada generasi-generasi baru.

d) Tiada kesatuan dalam pemikiran dan gerak kerja.

e) Adanya perasaan bangga diri dalam diri masing-masing. Segala yang diutarakan di anggap betul dan perlu diterima oleh semua orang. Firman Allah Taala :Dan tiap-tiap orang yang berilmu pengetahuan, ada lagi di atasnya yang lebih mengetahui. (Surah Yusuf :76)

4.1.3 Kelemahan Aspek Kewangan

Harta merupakan sumber kekuatan kepada satu-satu gerakan Islam. Tanpa kewangan yang mencukupi, gerakan Islam tidak akan dapat menjalankan segala aktiviti dan perancangannya akan tergendala. Harta dan wang ringgit kadang-kadang menjadi sebab kepada fitnah dalam gerakan Islam apabila disalahgunakan.

Bila mana pengetahuan tentang agama kurang, pegangan akidah yang goyah, ia mudah mempengaruhi umat Islam. Begitu juga dengan para pendakwah Islam. Apabila kurang pentarbiyahan dalam hati dan jiwa, penyalahgunaan kuasa akan berlaku. Lantaran itu akan merosakkan barisan petugas.

Berapa ramai di kalangan pemimpin Islam yang tidak terpengaruh dengan kekayaan dunia ini. Kebanyakan berlakunya kejatuhan negara-negara Islam ini disebabkan oleh pemimpinnya yang hanya mementingkan diri sendiri. Kesudahannya umat Islam ditindas dan dibunuh oleh musuh-musuh Islam. Mereka tidak merasa malu dan bersalah di atas tindakan yang dilakukan asalkan apa yang di inginkan tercapai.

Kesimpulannya kekuatan ekonomi boleh membawa kepada kebangkitan Islam dan keruntuhan Islam. 

4.2 CABARAN LUARAN

4.2.1 Perancangan Yahudi dan Freemason

Yahudi berkata di dalam protokol mereka: ”Kita mesti bekerja untuk merosakkan akhlak di setiap tempat. Dengan itu penguasaan kita akan mudah dicapai. Sesungguhnya Frued adalah daripada kalangan kita. Beliau akan terus membentangkan teori hubungan seks sejelas-jelasnya supaya tidak ada suatu pun yang dianggap suci pada pandangan pemda. Hasilnya ialah memuaskan kehendak nafsu seks adalah matlamat mereka. Ketika itu, akan runtuhlah akhlak mereka”

Yahudi adalah orang yang mendokong teori Nietche yang melenyapkan akhlak dan mengharuskan bagi manusia melakukan semua perkara yang boleh membawa kepada kepuasan. Di antara apa yang dikatakan oleh Frued, seorang Yahudi dari Austria: ”Manusia hendaklah berusaha memuaskan nafsu dengan cara merungkaikan ikatan akhlak dan halangan daripada masyarakat yang menghalangnya daripada bebas melakukan itu semua.” Oleh kerana itu, Yahudi telah mendokong teori Frued untuk mengalihkan perhatian pemuda ke arah memuaskan syahwat dan fahaman mengharuskan semua perkara.

4.2.2 Perancangan Penjajah dan Salibiah

Seorang pemimpin penjajah telah berkata: ”Gelas arak dan pelacur amat berperanan dalam menghancurkan umat Muhammad lebih daripada apa yang dilakukan oleh seribu meriam. Oleh itu tenggelamkanlah mereka ke dalam cintakan kebendaan dan syahwat.

Paderi Zeumer telah berkata pada satu muktamar pendakwah Kristian yang diadakan di Baitul Maqdis: ”Kamu telah mewjudkan di negara Islam satu generasi yang tidak mempunyai hubungan dengan Allah. Dengan itu lahirlah generasi yang mengikut apa yang dikehendaki oleh penjajah. Mereka tidak menghiraukan agama, cintakan kerehatan dan menjadi malas. Seluruh keinginan di dunia dicari semata-mata untuk memenuhi kehendak syahwat. Apabila mereka belajar, mereka belajar kerana syahwat. Mereka menduduki pangkat yang tinggi adalah untuk mencapai tuntutan syahwat. Perancangan penjajah Salibiah ini adalah semata-mata bertujuan untuk mengalih perhatian pemuda-pemuda Islam daripada medan jihad dan mempertahankan Islam. Dengan itu mereka tidak akan berfikir untuk berusaha ke arah mencapai kemuliaan dan keagungan.

4.2.3 Perancangan Komunis dan Aliran Materialisme

Dengan membiarkan umat Islam sibuk dengan hiburan dan pementasan daripada menghayati aqidah Uluhiyah. Apabila ditanya kepada Karl Marx: ”Apakah ganti kepada aqidah Uluhiyah?” Beliau menjawab, ”Gantinya ialah hiburan dan pementasan.”

Apakah anda mengetahui erti hiburan dan pementasan wahai para pemuda apabila ia digunakan untuk meruntuhkan aqidah dan akhlak?

Di antara perancangannya lagi ialah memalingkan generasi Islam daripada Islam dengan menggunakan novel, majalah, akhbar dan lain-lain. Penganut komunis telah berkata di dalam dokumen rahsianya sebagaimana yang telah dinyatakan oleh staz ’Akad di dalam bukunya ”Islam dan Komunis”: ’Kita telah berjaya menyebarkan unsur-unsur yang merosakkan agama di dalam masyarakat beragama yang terdiri daripada novel, hiburan, pementasan, kursus-kursus, akhbar, majalah dan karangan-karangan yang menyebarkan fahaman tidak bertuhan dan menyeru ke arahnya, menghina dan memperolok-olokkan pejuang agama dan menyeru ke arah sains semata-mata serta menjadikannya sebagai tuhan..’
 

Adakah anda mengetahui wahai para pemuda apakah yang telah dilakukan oleh akhbar, majalah, novel dan hiburan dalam usaha menghapuskan iman, meruntuhkan akhlak dan menyebarkan akhlak yang buruk di seluruh negara Islam? 

BAB 5 : PENUTUP

5.1 STRATEGI MENGHADAPI CABARAN

Persoalan yang perlu dibincangkan ialah bagaimana kita menghadapi cabaran yang mencengkam ini.Dalam hal ini semua pihak mempunyai peranan yang perlu dimainkan sebaik mungkin. Antara cadangan strategi yang boleh dikemukakan ialah :  

5.1.1 Menggunakan peluang

Umat Islam mestilah mengelakkan diri daripada terus berkonfrontasi dengan barat.Pada masa yang sama kita mesti memperhebat usaha-usaha dakwah bil hal dan dialog antara agama. Islam terbukti berkembang dengan positif selepas perjanjian Hudaibiyah berbanding ketika perang sedang memuncak dan ini merupakan bukti bahawa suasana aman adalah prasyarat terhadap perkembangan dakwah yang pesat. 

5.1.2 Memperkasa Martabat Ulama dan sarjana 

Pemerintah memberi kebebasan dan hak membuat kajian, menulis dan menyampaikan ilmu dengan bebas dan bertanggungjawab.Nasib ulama dan intelektual di dunia islam amat memilukan sehinggakan ramai yang menjadi buruan pemerintah kerana lantang memperjuangkan kebenaran dan keadilan. Akibatnya ramailah ulama dan intelektual yang bisu dalam pengertian tidak berani menegur pemerintah kerana ketakutan.

5.1.3 Mengeratkan hubungan 3 U (ulama ,umarak ,ummah)

Sejarah perkembangan islam telah membuktikan bahawa apabila hubungan padu antara ulama dan umara menjadi erat dan kental,maka kerajaan akan bertambah kuat, ummah akan terbela, negara akan menjadi aman dan damai. Di Alam melayu sejarah kerajaan Islam Samudera Pasai, Melaka dan Aceh membuktikan bahawa wujudnya kesalingan ini telah menjadikan kerajaan tersebut menjadi pusat perkembangan Islam yang paling penting dan berpengaruh pada abad 14 hingga ke 17. Sebalik nya pula sebaik sahaja ulama dan umara’ tidak bersatu, ummah tidak terbela, negara akan hancur samada kerana perpecahan dalaman akibat serangan luar atau itimpa bala bencana.

5.1.4 Memperbaiki Sistem Pendidikan 

Pihak kerajaan perlu meneliti semula pelaksanaan dasar dan sistem pendidikan negara memandangkan sistem pendidikan adalah saluran terpenting untuk mendidik masyarakat.Kerajaan perlu kembali kepada falsafah pendidikan Islam yang lebih komprehensif .Realiti masyarakat hari ini menunjukkan seolah-olah ada sesuatu yang tidak kena dalam sistem pendidikan negara. Sistem pendidikan kita juga dilihat lebih bercorak exam-oriented daripada menumpukan pemikiran, yang meliputi aspek kekreatifan dan daya cipta seseorang pelajar.

5.2 PERANAN GENERASI MUDA

Sukarno, seorang pemimpin karismatik dan pemidato hebat daripada Indnesia pernah berkata, “Berikan aku sepuluh orang pemuda nescaya akan aku gegarkan dunia ini”. Sukarno dikatakan seorang pemimpin yang cukup berjaya dalam era revolusi. .Saidina Umar Al-Khattab,Khalifah Islam yang kedua pernah mengimpikan lahirnya ramai generasi muda seperti Abu Ubaidah Al-Jarrah,Khalid Al-Walid, Saad Bin Abi Waqas, Ali Abi Talib untuk membantunya mendaulatkan kalimah suci Allah di atas muka bumi ini. Dua tokoh di atas menggambarkan keinsafan seorang pemimpin yang berfikiran futuristic tentang nasib agama dan bangsanya sendiri.Mereka menyedari betapa pentingnya pemuda dalam sistem sosial manusia.Bagaimana dengan kita? Pernahkan kita berfikir tentang nasib negara kita satu atau dua dekad akan datang? Bagaimana kualiti kepimpinannya?Siapakah yang akan memimpin dan mampukah mereka?

Generasi muda pada hari ini menghadapi desakan yang hebat dan mencabar kemampuan diri mereka untuk berdiri teguh dengan identiti sendiri . Cabaran ini didorong oleh banyak faktor. Faktor yang paling utama sekali ialah peredaran zaman itu sendiri. Dunia hari ini amat berbeza sekali berbanding beberapa dekad lalu. Pada hari ini, dunia yang kita diami dikenali dengan 'perkampungan sejagat' atau 'global village'. Mengibaratkan sebuah dunia yang besar ini sebagai sebuah perkampungan adalah gambaran realiti peredaran zaman yang sedang didepani belia Islam hari ini. Hal ini menuntut generasi muda mempersiapkan diri sebaik mungkin dari aspek kerohanian,keilmuan, dan kemahiran hidup. . Generasi muda yang kita harapkan adalah generasi yang mampu membentuk arus globalisasi akan datang bukan hanyut mengikut arus globalisasi yang dibentuk oleh musuh agama. Sejarah telah menyediakan para pemuda contoh yang berjaya membentuk arus di zaman mereka. 

Antaranya ialah :

1. Jundub Bin Janadah (Abu Dzar Al-Ghiffari)

2. Usamah Bin Zaid

3. Zainab Al-Ghazali

4. Muhammad Bin Murad (Sultan Muhammad Al-Fateh)

5. Ashaabul kahfi

Mereka adalah generasi ulul albab yang memacu perubahan dan kegemilangan zaman mereka. Generasi Ulul Albab inilah yang dinantikan dan diimpikan oleh umat sepanjang zaman.Generasi ini merupakan generasi yang menekankan aspek zikir, fakir, dan amal soleh kepada Allah . Mereka memiliki ilmu yang luas,penglihatan yang tajam, otak yang cerdas, hati yang lembut,lidah yang basah mengingati Allah dan bersemangat serta berdaya juang yang tinggi dalam menegakkan agama Allah di muka bumi.Ia di anggap sebagai pemimpin umat yang sentiasa berjuang menegakkan keadilan, membanteras kezaliman dan menyelesaikan permasalahan umat serta kompeten sepanjang masa.

Terdapat istilah lain selain ulul albab yang bertujuan untuk melahir dan mengembalikan kegemilangan Islam antaranya ialah Jiilun Nasr. Istilah ini diperkenalkan oleh Professor Dr. Yusof Qaradawi yang bermaksud generasi kemenangan.Generasi yang dibina melalui kekuatan roh dan jasad, kemudian menjadi binaan yang kukuh yang tidak boleh dirungkaikan lagi. 

Terdapat 10 ciri kecemerlangan yang terkandung dalam Jiilun Nasr iaitu:

1. Cita-cita besar para Muslah (pengubah)

2. Generasi yang terdiri daripada muslimin dan muslimat

3. Generasi yang percaya kepada reality dan ilmu

4. Generasi amal dan membina jama’iy

5. Generasi Rabbani dan ikhlas

6. Generasi yang bernasabkan islam

7. Generasi dakwah dan jihad

8. Generasi gagah dan agung

9. Generasi seimbang dan sederhana

10. Awwabun dan Tawwabun (sentiasa kembali ke jalan Allah dan memperbanyakkan taubat)

Generasi ulul albab sebeginilah yang wajar dianggap sebagai generasi harapan,yang mempunyai kepelbagaian watak iaitu pemikir, cendekiawan, pembimbing, intelektual,dan pemimpin berwatak glokal yang mampu mengembalikan kegemilangan dan memakmurkan sekalian alam. Kecemerlangan umat banyak bergantung kepada generasi seperti ini.Golongan muda adalah pelapis yang akan membawa obor Islam selepas golongan tua tiada. Setiap organisasi dan institusi menjadi bermasaalah apabila ketandusan pelapis.Jesteru fokus perlu diberikan kepada mereka.

5.3 KESIMPULAN

Melalui apa yang telah diperbincangkan dalam bab-bab ini dan sebelum ini jelaslah bahawa kehidupan bertamadun dalam konsep globalisasi sentiasa menghadapi pelbagai bentuk cabaran. Namun bukanlah satu ketetapan bahawa barat akan selamanya menguasai arus globalisasi tanpa ada peluang pada tamadun lain untuk mendominasi.Segalanya bergantung kepada diri masing-masing.Firman Allah s.w.t telah menjelaskan bahawasanya yang bermaksud :“ (Balasan) yang demikian itu, ialah kerana sesungguhnya Allah tidak akan mengubah sesuatu nikmat yang telah dikurniakanNya kepada sesuatu kaum sehingga mereka mengubah apa yang ada pada diri mereka sendiri dan (ingatlah) sesungguhnya Allah Maha mendengar, lagi Maha Mengetahui “ 

(Surah Al-Anfaal : ayat 53)

Marilah kita berharap agar suatu ketika nanti akan mucul generasi ulul albab. Generasi harapan ini dikatakan bakal mengembalikan kegemilangan dan kemakmuran yang dilimpahi rahmat dan berkat dariNya.Harapan bukan sekadar mimpi. Harapan juga bukan satu ilusi malah harapan yang disulami dengan gagasan, berpaksikan kepada keimanan, berupaya mengubah diri, membangkitkan motivasi, mencetuskan inspirasi, menjelmakan realiti dan merapatkan hubungan dengan Ilahi.

Setiap insan yang mengaku diri mereka pemuda, tidak wajarlah bagi mereka untuk mengharapkan orang lain kerana mereka lah sebenarnya generasi yang diharapkan. Maka azam perlu ditanam, langkah perlu diatur, tindakan perlu di mulakan. Siapa tahu barangkali andalah pelakar sejarah dunia seterusnya. Membentuk arus globalisasi yang baru yang memenuhi keperluan insani, mengubah islamophobia kepada hegemoni Islam ke alam sarwa jagat, mencabar hegemoni barat yang merosakkan. Baik pemuda hari ini,baik lah generasi akan datang. Insafilah sejarah wahai pemuda. Sabda Rasulullah s.a.w yang bermaksud “Sabda Rasulullah s.a.w: “Islam bermula dalam keadaan dagang,ia akan kembali dagang. Beruntunglah orang yang berpegang dengan islam ketika ia dagang.”-hadith riwayat Muslim. 

BIBLIOGRAFI 

BUKU DAN MAJALAH

1. Pusat Pengajian Umum UKM, 2006, Tamadun Islam dan Tamadun Asia, Fulson Trading Co, Selangor.

2. Fathi Yakan (2002), Api Kebangkitan Islam dan Cabaran Abad ke-21, Kuala Lumpur, Jasmin Enterprise
3. Dr. Abdullah Nasih Ulwan (2003), Generasi Muda Islam dsan Cabaran Globalisasi, Kuala Lumpur, YADIM

4. Sabri Mohamad Sharif, 2009, Generasi Ulul Albab Segunung Harapan Seteguh Gagasan, Karisma Publications

5. Zaharudin Abd Rahman, Majalah I Bil 81

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HEGEMONI BARAT DAN GLOBALISASI : REALITI DAN CABARAN

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The Zionist Plan for the Middle East 

Translated and edited by

Israel Shahak

The Israel of Theodore Herzl (1904) and of Rabbi Fischmann (1947)

In his Complete Diaries, Vol. II. p. 711, Theodore Herzl, the founder of Zionism, says that the area of the Jewish State stretches: “From the Brook of Egypt to the Euphrates.”

Rabbi Fischmann, member of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, declared in his testimony to the U.N. Special Committee of Enquiry on 9 July 1947: “The Promised Land extends from the River of Egypt up to the Euphrates, it includes parts of Syria and Lebanon.”

from

Oded Yinon’s

“A Strategy for Israel in the Nineteen Eighties”

Published by the

Association of Arab-American University Graduates, Inc.

Belmont, Massachusetts, 1982

Special Document No. 1 (ISBN 0-937694-56-8)

Table of Contents

  Publisher’s Note1

The Association of Arab-American University Graduates finds it compelling to inaugurate its new publication series, Special Documents, with Oded Yinon’s article which appeared in Kivunim (Directions), the journal of the Department of Information of the World Zionist Organization. Oded Yinon is an Israeli journalist and was formerly attached to the Foreign Ministry of Israel. To our knowledge, this document is the most explicit, detailed and unambiguous statement to date of the Zionist strategy in the Middle East. Furthermore, it stands as an accurate representation of the “vision” for the entire Middle East of the presently ruling Zionist regime of Begin, Sharon and Eitan. Its importance, hence, lies not in its historical value but in the nightmare which it presents.

2

The plan operates on two essential premises. To survive, Israel must 1) become an imperial regional power, and 2) must effect the division of the whole area into small states by the dissolution of all existing Arab states. Small here will depend on the ethnic or sectarian composition of each state. Consequently, the Zionist hope is that sectarian-based states become Israel’s satellites and, ironically, its source of moral legitimation.

3

This is not a new idea, nor does it surface for the first time in Zionist strategic thinking. Indeed, fragmenting all Arab states into smaller units has been a recurrent theme. This theme has been documented on a very modest scale in the AAUG publication,  Israel’s Sacred Terrorism (1980), by Livia Rokach. Based on the memoirs of Moshe Sharett, former Prime Minister of Israel, Rokach’s study documents, in convincing detail, the Zionist plan as it applies to Lebanon and as it was prepared in the mid-fifties.

4

The first massive Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1978 bore this plan out to the minutest detail. The second and more barbaric and encompassing Israeli invasion of Lebanon on June 6, 1982, aims to effect certain parts of this plan which hopes to see not only Lebanon, but Syria and Jordan as well, in fragments. This ought to make mockery of Israeli public claims regarding their desire for a strong and independent Lebanese central government. More accurately, they want a Lebanese central government that sanctions their regional imperialist designs by signing a peace treaty with them. They also seek acquiescence in their designs by the Syrian, Iraqi, Jordanian and other Arab governments as well as by the Palestinian people. What they want and what they are planning for is not an Arab world, but a world of Arab fragments that is ready to succumb to Israeli hegemony. Hence, Oded Yinon in his essay, “A Strategy for Israel in the 1980′s,” talks about “far-reaching opportunities for the first time since 1967″ that are created by the “very stormy situation [that] surrounds Israel.”

5

The Zionist policy of displacing the Palestinians from Palestine is very much an active policy, but is pursued more forcefully in times of conflict, such as in the 1947-1948 war and in the 1967 war. An appendix entitled  ”Israel Talks of a New Exodus” is included in this publication to demonstrate past Zionist dispersals of Palestinians from their homeland and to show, besides the main Zionist document we present, other Zionist planning for the de-Palestinization of Palestine.

6

It is clear from the Kivunim document, published in February, 1982, that the “far-reaching opportunities” of which Zionist strategists have been thinking are the same “opportunities” of which they are trying to convince the world and which they claim were generated by their June, 1982 invasion. It is also clear that the Palestinians were never the sole target of Zionist plans, but the priority target since their viable and independent presence as a people negates the essence of the Zionist state. Every Arab state, however, especially those with cohesive and clear nationalist directions, is a real target sooner or later.

7

Contrasted with the detailed and unambiguous Zionist strategy elucidated in this document, Arab and Palestinian strategy, unfortunately, suffers from ambiguity and incoherence. There is no indication that Arab strategists have internalized the Zionist plan in its full ramifications. Instead, they react with incredulity and shock whenever a new stage of it unfolds. This is apparent in Arab reaction, albeit muted, to the Israeli siege of Beirut. The sad fact is that as long as the Zionist strategy for the Middle East is not taken seriously Arab reaction to any future siege of other Arab capitals will be the same.

Khalil Nakhleh

July 23, 1982

Foreward

by Israel Shahak

1

The following essay represents, in my opinion, the accurate and detailed plan of the present Zionist regime (of Sharon and Eitan) for the Middle East which is based on the division of the whole area intosmall states, and the dissolution of all the existing Arab states. I will comment on the military aspect ofthis plan in a concluding note. Here I want to draw the attention of the readers to several important points:

2

1. The idea that all the Arab states should be broken down, by Israel, into small units, occurs again and again in Israeli strategic thinking. For example, Ze’ev Schiff, the military correspondent of Ha’aretz (and probably the most knowledgeable in Israel, on this topic) writes about the “best” that can happen for Israeli interests in Iraq: “The dissolution of Iraq into a Shi’ite state, a Sunni state and the separation of the Kurdish part” (Ha’aretz 6/2/1982). Actually, this aspect of the plan is very old.

3

2. The strong connection with Neo-Conservative thought in the USA is very prominent, especially in the author’s notes. But, while lip service is paid to the idea of the “defense of the West” from Soviet power, the real aim of the author, and of the present Israeli establishment is clear: To make an Imperial Israel into a world power. In other words, the aim of Sharon is to deceive the Americans after he has deceived all the rest.

4

3. It is obvious that much of the relevant data, both in the notes and in the text, is garbled or omitted,such as the financial help of the U.S. to Israel. Much of it is pure fantasy. But, the plan is not to beregarded as not influential, or as not capable of realization for a short time. The plan follows faithfullythe geopolitical ideas current in Germany of 1890-1933, which were swallowed whole by Hitler and the Nazi movement, and determined their aims for East Europe. Those aims, especially the division of the existing states, were carried out in 1939-1941, and only an alliance on the global scale prevented their consolidation for a period of time.

5

The notes by the author follow the text. To avoid confusion, I did not add any notes of my own, but have put the substance of them into this foreward and the conclusion at the end. I have, however, emphasized some portions of the text.

Israel Shahak

June 13, 1982

---

A Strategy for Israel in the Nineteen Eighties

by Oded Yinon

This essay originally appeared in Hebrew in KIVUNIM (Directions), A Journal for Judaism and Zionism; Issue No, 14–Winter, 5742, February 1982, Editor: Yoram Beck. Editorial Committee: Eli Eyal, Yoram Beck, Amnon Hadari, Yohanan Manor, Elieser Schweid. Published by the Department of Publicity/The World Zionist Organization, Jerusalem.

1

At the outset of the nineteen eighties the State of Israel is in need of a new perspective as to its place, its aims and national targets, at home and abroad. This need has become even more vital due to a number of central processes which the country, the region and the world are undergoing. We are living today in the early stages of a new epoch in human history which is not at all similar to its predecessor, and its characteristics are totally different from what we have hitherto known. That is why we need an understanding of the central processes which typify this historical epoch on the one hand, and on the other hand we need a world outlook and an operational strategy in accordance with the new conditions. The existence, prosperity and steadfastness of the Jewish state will depend upon its ability to adopt a new framework for its domestic and foreign affairs.

2

This epoch is characterized by several traits which we can already diagnose, and which symbolize a genuine revolution in our present lifestyle. The dominant process is the breakdown of the rationalist, humanist outlook as the major cornerstone supporting the life and achievements of Western civilization since the Renaissance. The political, social and economic views which have emanated from this foundation have been based on several “truths” which are presently disappearing–for example, the view that man as an individual is the center of the universe and everything exists in order to fulfill his basic material needs. This position is being invalidated in the present when it has become clear that the amount of resources in the cosmos does not meet Man’s requirements, his economic needs or his demographic constraints. In a world in which there are four billion human beings and economic and energy resources which do not grow proportionally to meet the needs of mankind, it is unrealistic to expect to fulfill the main requirement of Western Society, ¹ i.e., the wish and aspiration for boundless consumption. The view that ethics plays no part in determining the direction Man takes, but rather his material needs do–that view is becoming prevalent today as we see a world in which nearly all values are disappearing. We are losing the ability to assess the simplest things, especially when they concern the simple question of what is Good and what is Evil.

3

The vision of man’s limitless aspirations and abilities shrinks in the face of the sad facts of life, when we witness the break-up of world order around us. The view which promises liberty and freedom to mankind seems absurd in light of the sad fact that three fourths of the human race lives under totalitarian regimes. The views concerning equality and social justice have been transformed by socialism and especially by Communism into a laughing stock. There is no argument as to the truth of these two ideas, but it is clear that they have not been put into practice properly and the majority of mankind has lost the liberty, the freedom and the opportunity for equality and justice. In this nuclear world in which we are (still) living in relative peace for thirty years, the concept of peace and coexistence among nations has no meaning when a superpower like the USSR holds a military and political doctrine of the sort it has: that not only is a nuclear war possible and necessary in order to achieve the ends of Marxism, but that it is possible to survive after it, not to speak of the fact that one can be victorious in it.²

4

The essential concepts of human society, especially those of the West, are undergoing a change due to political, military and economic transformations. Thus, the nuclear and conventional might of the USSR has transformed the epoch that has just ended into the last respite before the great saga that will demolish a large part of our world in a multi-dimensional global war, in comparison with which the past world wars will have been mere child’s play. The power of nuclear as well as of conventional weapons, their quantity, their precision and quality will turn most of our world upside down within a few years, and we must align ourselves so as to face that in Israel. That is, then, the main threat to our existence and that of the Western world. ³ The war over resources in the world, the Arab monopoly on oil, and the need of the West to import most of its raw materials from the Third World, are transforming the world we know, given that one of the major aims of the USSR is to defeat the West by gaining control over the gigantic resources in the Persian Gulf and in the southern part of Africa, in which the majority of world minerals are located. We can imagine the dimensions of the global confrontation which will face us in the future.

5

The Gorshkov doctrine calls for Soviet control of the oceans and mineral rich areas of the Third World. That together with the present Soviet nuclear doctrine which holds that it is possible to manage, win and survive a nuclear war, in the course of which the West’s military might well be destroyed and its inhabitants made slaves in the service of Marxism-Leninism, is the main danger to world peace and to our own existence. Since 1967, the Soviets have transformed Clausewitz’ dictum into “War is the continuation of policy in nuclear means,” and made it the motto which guides all their policies. Already today they are busy carrying out their aims in our region and throughout the world, and the need to face them becomes the major element in our country’s security policy and of course that of the rest of the Free World. That is our major foreign challenge.⁴

6

The Arab Moslem world, therefore, is not the major strategic problem which we shall face in the Eighties, despite the fact that it carries the main threat against Israel, due to its growing military might. This world, with its ethnic minorities, its factions and internal crises, which is astonishingly self-destructive, as we can see in Lebanon, in non-Arab Iran and now also in Syria, is unable to deal successfully with its fundamental problems and does not therefore constitute a real threat against the State of Israel in the long run, but only in the short run where its immediate military power has great import. In the long run, this world will be unable to exist within its present framework in the areas around us without having to go through genuine revolutionary changes. The Moslem Arab World is built like a temporary house of cards put together by foreigners (France and Britain in the Nineteen Twenties), without the wishes and desires of the inhabitants having been taken into account. It was arbitrarily divided into 19 states, all made of combinations of minorites and ethnic groups which are hostile to one another, so that every Arab Moslem state nowadays faces ethnic social destruction from within, and in some a civil war is already raging. ⁵ Most of the Arabs, 118 million out of 170 million, live in Africa, mostly in Egypt (45 million today).

7

Apart from Egypt, all the Maghreb states are made up of a mixture of Arabs and non-Arab Berbers. In Algeria there is already a civil war raging in the Kabile mountains between the two nations in the country. Morocco and Algeria are at war with each other over Spanish Sahara, in addition to the internal struggle in each of them. Militant Islam endangers the integrity of Tunisia and Qaddafi organizes wars which are destructive from the Arab point of view, from a country which is sparsely populated and which cannot become a powerful nation. That is why he has been attempting unifications in the past with states that are more genuine, like Egypt and Syria. Sudan, the most torn apart state in the Arab Moslem world today is built upon four groups hostile to each other, an Arab Moslem Sunni minority which rules over a majority of non-Arab Africans, Pagans, and Christians. In Egypt there is a Sunni Moslem majority facing a large minority of Christians which is dominant in upper Egypt: some 7 million of them, so that even Sadat, in his speech on May 8, expressed the fear that they will want a state of their own, something like a “second” Christian Lebanon in Egypt.

8

All the Arab States east of Israel are torn apart, broken up and riddled with inner conflict even more than those of the Maghreb. Syria is fundamentally no different from Lebanon except in the strong military regime which rules it. But the real civil war taking place nowadays between the Sunni majority and the Shi’ite Alawi ruling minority (a mere 12% of the population) testifies to the severity of the domestic trouble.

9

Iraq is, once again, no different in essence from its neighbors, although its majority is Shi’ite and the ruling minority Sunni. Sixty-five percent of the population has no say in politics, in which an elite of 20 percent holds the power. In addition there is a large Kurdish minority in the north, and if it weren’t for the strength of the ruling regime, the army and the oil revenues, Iraq’s future state would be no different than that of Lebanon in the past or of Syria today. The seeds of inner conflict and civil war are apparent today already, especially after the rise of Khomeini to power in Iran, a leader whom the Shi’ites in Iraq view as their natural leader.

10

All the Gulf principalities and Saudi Arabia are built upon a delicate house of sand in which there is only oil. In Kuwait, the Kuwaitis constitute only a quarter of the population. In Bahrain, the Shi’ites are the majority but are deprived of power. In the UAE, Shi’ites are once again the majority but the Sunnis are in power. The same is true of Oman and North Yemen. Even in the Marxist South Yemen there is a sizable Shi’ite minority. In Saudi Arabia half the population is foreign, Egyptian and Yemenite, but a Saudi minority holds power.

11

Jordan is in reality Palestinian, ruled by a Trans-Jordanian Bedouin minority, but most of the army and certainly the bureaucracy is now Palestinian. As a matter of fact Amman is as Palestinian as Nablus. All of these countries have powerful armies, relatively speaking. But there is a problem there too. The Syrian army today is mostly Sunni with an Alawi officer corps, the Iraqi army Shi’ite with Sunni commanders. This has great significance in the long run, and that is why it will not be possible to retain the loyalty of the army for a long time except where it comes to the only common denominator: The hostility towards Israel, and today even that is insufficient.

12

Alongside the Arabs, split as they are, the other Moslem states share a similar predicament. Half of Iran’s population is comprised of a Persian speaking group and the other half of an ethnically Turkish group. Turkey’s population comprises a Turkish Sunni Moslem majority, some 50%, and two large minorities, 12 million Shi’ite Alawis and 6 million Sunni Kurds. In Afghanistan there are 5 million

Shi’ites who constitute one third of the population. In Sunni Pakistan there are 15 million Shi’ites who endanger the existence of that state.

13

This national ethnic minority picture extending from Morocco to India and from Somalia to Turkey points to the absence of stability and a rapid degeneration in the entire region. When this picture is added to the economic one, we see how the entire region is built like a house of cards, unable to withstand its severe problems.

14

In this giant and fractured world there are a few wealthy groups and a huge mass of poor people. Most of the Arabs have an average yearly income of 300 dollars. That is the situation in Egypt, in most of the Maghreb countries except for Libya, and in Iraq. Lebanon is torn apart and its economy is falling to pieces. It is a state in which there is no centralized power, but only 5 de facto sovereign authorities (Christian in the north, supported by the Syrians and under the rule of the Franjieh clan, in the East an area of direct Syrian conquest, in the center a Phalangist controlled Christian enclave, in the south and up to the Litani river a mostly Palestinian region controlled by the PLO and Major Haddad’s state of Christians and half a million Shi’ites). Syria is in an even graver situation and even the assistance she will obtain in the future after the unification with Libya will not be sufficient for dealing with the basic problems of existence and the maintenance of a large army. Egypt is in the worst situation: Millions are on the verge of hunger, half the labor force is unemployed, and housing is scarce in this most densely populated area of the world. Except for the army, there is not a single department operating efficiently and the state is in a permanent state of bankruptcy and depends entirely on American foreign assistance granted since the peace.⁶

15

In the Gulf states, Saudi Arabia, Libya and Egypt there is the largest accumulation of money and oil in the world, but those enjoying it are tiny elites who lack a wide base of support and self-confidence, something that no army can guarantee. ⁷ The Saudi army with all its equipment cannot defend the regime from real dangers at home or abroad, and what took place in Mecca in 1980 is only an example. A sad and very stormy situation surrounds Israel and creates challenges for it, problems, risks but also far-reaching opportunities for the first time since 1967. Chances are that opportunities missed at that time will become achievable in the Eighties to an extent and along dimensions which we cannot even imagine today.

16

The “peace” policy and the return of territories, through a dependence upon the US, precludes the realization of the new option created for us. Since 1967, all the governments of Israel have tied our national aims down to narrow political needs, on the one hand, and on the other to destructive opinions at home which neutralized our capacities both at home and abroad. Failing to take steps towards the Arab population in the new territories, acquired in the course of a war forced upon us, is the major strategic error committed by Israel on the morning after the Six Day War. We could have saved ourselves all the bitter and dangerous conflict since then if we had given Jordan to the Palestinians who live west of the Jordan river. By doing that we would have neutralized the Palestinian problem which we nowadays face, and to which we have found solutions that are really no solutions at all, such as territorial compromise or autonomy which amount, in fact, to the same thing. ⁸ Today, we suddenly face immense opportunities for transforming the situation thoroughly and this we must do in the coming decade, otherwise we shall not survive as a state.

17

In the course of the Nineteen Eighties, the State of Israel will have to go through far-reaching changes in its political and economic regime domestically, along with radical changes in its foreign policy, in order to stand up to the global and regional challenges of this new epoch. The loss of the Suez Canal oil fields, of the immense potential of the oil, gas and other natural resources in the Sinai peninsula which is geomorphologically identical to the rich oil-producing countries in the region, will result in an energy drain in the near future and will destroy our domestic economy: one quarter of our present GNP as well as one third of the budget is used for the purchase of oil. ⁹ The search for raw materials in the Negev and on the coast will not, in the near future, serve to alter that state of affairs.

18

(Regaining) the Sinai peninsula with its present and potential resources is therefore a political prioritywhich is obstructed by the Camp David and the peace agreements. The fault for that lies of course withthe present Israeli government and the governments which paved the road to the policy of territorial compromise, the Alignment governments since 1967. The Egyptians will not need to keep the peace treaty after the return of the Sinai, and they will do all they can to return to the fold of the Arab world and to the USSR in order to gain support and military assistance. American aid is guaranteed only for a short while, for the terms of the peace and the weakening of the U.S. both at home and abroad will bring about a reduction in aid. Without oil and the income from it, with the present enormous expenditure, we will not be able to get through 1982 under the present conditions and we will have to act in order to return the situation to the status quo which existed in Sinai prior to Sadat’s visit and the mistaken peace agreement signed with him in March 1979. ¹⁰

19

Israel has two major routes through which to realize this purpose, one direct and the other indirect. The direct option is the less realistic one because of the nature of the regime and government in Israel as well as the wisdom of Sadat who obtained our withdrawal from Sinai, which was, next to the war of 1973, his major achievement since he took power. Israel will not unilaterally break the treaty, neither today, nor in 1982, unless it is very hard pressed economically and politically and Egypt provides Israelwith the excuse to take the Sinai back into our hands for the fourth time in our short history. What is lefttherefore, is the indirect option. The economic situation in Egypt, the nature of the regime and its pan-

Arab policy, will bring about a situation after April 1982 in which Israel will be forced to act directly or indirectly in order to regain control over Sinai as a strategic, economic and energy reserve for the longrun. Egypt does not constitute a military strategic problem due to its internal conflicts and it could bedriven back to the post 1967 war situation in no more than one day. ¹¹

20

The myth of Egypt as the strong leader of the Arab World was demolished back in 1956 and definitely did not survive 1967, but our policy, as in the return of the Sinai, served to turn the myth into “fact.” In reality, however, Egypt’s power in proportion both to Israel alone and to the rest of the Arab World has gone down about 50 percent since 1967. Egypt is no longer the leading political power in the Arab World and is economically on the verge of a crisis. Without foreign assistance the crisis will come tomorrow. ¹² In the short run, due to the return of the Sinai, Egypt will gain several advantages at our expense, but only in the short run until 1982, and that will not change the balance of power to its benefit, and will possibly bring about its downfall. Egypt, in its present domestic political picture, is already a corpse, all the more so if we take into account the growing Moslem-Christian rift. BreakingEgypt down territorially into distinct geographical regions is the political aim of Israel in the Nineteen Eighties on its Western front.

21

Egypt is divided and torn apart into many foci of authority. If Egypt falls apart, countries like Libya, Sudan or even the more distant states will not continue to exist in their present form and will join thedownfall and dissolution of Egypt. The vision of a Christian Coptic State in Upper Egypt alongside a number of weak states with very localized power and without a centralized government as to date, is the key to a historical development which was only set back by the peace agreement but which seems inevitable in the long run. ¹³

22

The Western front, which on the surface appears more problematic, is in fact less complicated than the Eastern front, in which most of the events that make the headlines have been taking place recently. Lebanon’s total dissolution into five provinces serves as a precendent for the entire Arab worldincluding Egypt, Syria, Iraq and the Arabian peninsula and is already following that track. The dissolution of Syria and Iraq later on into ethnically or religiously unqiue areas such as in Lebanon, is Israel’s primary target on the Eastern front in the long run, while the dissolution of the military power of those states serves as the primary short term target. Syria will fall apart, in accordance with its ethnic and religious structure, into several states such as in present day Lebanon, so that there will be a Shi’ite Alawi state along its coast, a Sunni state in the Aleppo area, another Sunni state in Damascus hostile to its northern neighbor, and the Druzes who will set up a state, maybe even in our Golan, andcertainly in the Hauran and in northern Jordan. This state of affairs will be the guarantee for peace and security in the area in the long run, and that aim is already within our reach today. ¹⁴

23

Iraq, rich in oil on the one hand and internally torn on the other, is guaranteed as a candidate forIsrael’s targets. Its dissolution is even more important for us than that of Syria. Iraq is stronger thanSyria. In the short run it is Iraqi power which constitutes the greatest threat to Israel. An Iraqi-Iranian war will tear Iraq apart and cause its downfall at home even before it is able to organize a struggle on a wide front against us. Every kind of inter-Arab confrontation will assist us in the short run and willshorten the way to the more important aim of breaking up Iraq into denominations as in Syria and in Lebanon. In Iraq, a division into provinces along ethnic/religious lines as in Syria during Ottoman timesis possible. So, three (or more) states will exist around the three major cities: Basra, Baghdad and Mosul, and Shi’ite areas in the south will separate from the Sunni and Kurdish north. It is possible that the present Iranian-Iraqi confrontation will deepen this polarization. ¹⁵

24

The entire Arabian peninsula is a natural candidate for dissolution due to internal and external pressures, and the matter is inevitable especially in Saudi Arabia. Regardless of whether its economic might based on oil remains intact or whether it is diminished in the long run, the internal rifts and breakdowns are a clear and natural development in light of the present political structure. ¹⁶

25

Jordan constitutes an immediate strategic target in the short run but not in the long run, for it does notconstitute a real threat in the long run after its dissolution, the termination of the lengthy rule of King Hussein and the transfer of power to the Palestinians in the short run.

26

There is no chance that Jordan will continue to exist in its present structure for a long time, and Israel’s policy, both in war and in peace, ought to be directed at the liquidation of Jordan under the present regime and the transfer of power to the Palestinian majority. Changing the regime east of the river will also cause the termination of the problem of the territories densely populated with Arabs west of theJordan. Whether in war or under conditions of peace, emigration from the territories and economic demographic freeze in them, are the guarantees for the coming change on both banks of the river, and we ought to be active in order to accelerate this process in the nearest future. The autonomy plan ought also to be rejected, as well as any compromise or division of the territories for, given the plans of the PLO and those of the Israeli Arabs themselves, the Shefa’amr plan of September 1980, it is not possible to go on living in this country in the present situation without separating the two nations, the Arabs to Jordan and the Jews to the areas west of the river. Genuine coexistence and peace will reign over the land only when the Arabs understand that without Jewish rule between the Jordan and the sea they will have neither existence nor security. A nation of their own and security will be theirs only in Jordan. ¹⁷

27

Within Israel the distinction between the areas of ’67 and the territories beyond them, those of ’48, has always been meaningless for Arabs and nowadays no longer has any significance for us. The problem should be seen in its entirety without any divisions as of ’67. It should be clear, under any future political situation or military constellation, that the solution of the problem of the indigenous Arabs will come only when they recognize the existence of Israel in secure borders up to the Jordan river andbeyond it, as our existential need in this difficult epoch, the nuclear epoch which we shall soon enter. Itis no longer possible to live with three fourths of the Jewish population on the dense shoreline which is so dangerous in a nuclear epoch.

28

Dispersal of the population is therefore a domestic strategic aim of the highest order; otherwise, we shall cease to exist within any borders. Judea, Samaria and the Galilee are our sole guarantee for national existence, and if we do not become the majority in the mountain areas, we shall not rule in the country and we shall be like the Crusaders, who lost this country which was not theirs anyhow, and in which they were foreigners to begin with. Rebalancing the country demographically, strategically and economically is the highest and most central aim today. Taking hold of the mountain watershed from Beersheba to the Upper Galilee is the national aim generated by the major strategic consideration which is settling the mountainous part of the country that is empty of Jews today. ^l8

29

Realizing our aims on the Eastern front depends first on the realization of this internal strategic objective. The transformation of the political and economic structure, so as to enable the realization of these strategic aims, is the key to achieving the entire change. We need to change from a centralized economy in which the government is extensively involved, to an open and free market as well as to switch from depending upon the U.S. taxpayer to developing, with our own hands, of a genuine productive economic infrastructure. If we are not able to make this change freely and voluntarily, we shall be forced into it by world developments, especially in the areas of economics, energy, and politics, and by our own growing isolation. ^l9

30

From a military and strategic point of view, the West led by the U.S. is unable to withstand the global pressures of the USSR throughout the world, and Israel must therefore stand alone in the Eighties, without any foreign assistance, military or economic, and this is within our capacities today, with nocompromises. ²⁰ Rapid changes in the world will also bring about a change in the condition of world Jewry to which Israel will become not only a last resort but the only existential option. We cannot assume that U.S. Jews, and the communities of Europe and Latin America will continue to exist in the present form in the future. ²¹

31

Our existence in this country itself is certain, and there is no force that could remove us from here either forcefully or by treachery (Sadat’s method). Despite the difficulties of the mistaken “peace” policy and the problem of the Israeli Arabs and those of the territories, we can effectively deal with these problems in the foreseeable future.

Conclusion

1

Three important points have to be clarified in order to be able to understand the significant possibilities of realization of this Zionist plan for the Middle East, and also why it had to be published.

2

The Military Background of The Plan

The military conditions of this plan have not been mentioned above, but on the many occasions where something very like it is being “explained” in closed meetings to members of the Israeli Establishment, this point is clarified. It is assumed that the Israeli military forces, in all their branches, are insufficient for the actual work of occupation of such wide territories as discussed above. In fact, even in times of intense Palestinian “unrest” on the West Bank, the forces of the Israeli Army are stretched out too much. The answer to that is the method of ruling by means of “Haddad forces” or of “Village Associations” (also known as “Village Leagues”): local forces under “leaders” completely dissociated from the population, not having even any feudal or party structure (such as the Phalangists have, for example). The “states” proposed by Yinon are “Haddadland” and “Village Associations,” and their armed forces will be, no doubt, quite similar. In addition, Israeli military superiority in such a situation will be much greater than it is even now, so that any movement of revolt will be “punished” either by mass humiliation as in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, or by bombardment and obliteration of cities, as in Lebanon now (June 1982), or by both. In order to ensure this, the plan, as explained orally, calls for the establishment of Israeli garrisons in focal places between the mini states, equipped with the necessary mobile destructive forces. In fact, we have seen something like this in Haddadland and we will almost certainly soon see the first example of this system functioning either in South Lebanon or in all Lebanon.

3

It is obvious that the above military assumptions, and the whole plan too, depend also on the Arabs continuing to be even more divided than they are now, and on the lack of any truly progressive mass movement among them. It may be that those two conditions will be removed only when the plan will be well advanced, with consequences which can not be foreseen.

4

Why it is necessary to publish this in Israel?

The reason for publication is the dual nature of the Israeli-Jewish society: A very great measure of freedom and democracy, specially for Jews, combined with expansionism and racist discrimination. In such a situation the Israeli-Jewish elite (for the masses follow the TV and Begin’s speeches) has to bepersuaded. The first steps in the process of persuasion are oral, as indicated above, but a time comes in which it becomes inconvenient. Written material must be produced for the benefit of the more stupid “persuaders” and “explainers” (for example medium-rank officers, who are, usually, remarkably stupid). They then “learn it,” more or less, and preach to others. It should be remarked that Israel, and even the Yishuv from the Twenties, has always functioned in this way. I myself well remember how (before I was “in opposition”) the necessity of war with was explained to me and others a year before the 1956 war, and the necessity of conquering “the rest of Western Palestine when we will have the opportunity” was explained in the years 1965-67.

5

Why is it assumed that there is no special risk from the outside in the publication of such plans?

Such risks can come from two sources, so long as the principled opposition inside Israel is very weak (a situation which may change as a consequence of the war on Lebanon) : The Arab World, including the Palestinians, and the United States. The Arab World has shown itself so far quite incapable of a detailed and rational analysis of Israeli-Jewish society, and the Palestinians have been, on the average, no better than the rest. In such a situation, even those who are shouting about the dangers of Israeli expansionism (which are real enough) are doing this not because of factual and detailed knowledge, but because of belief in myth. A good example is the very persistent belief in the non-existent writing on the wall of the Knesset of the Biblical verse about the Nile and the Euphrates. Another example is the persistent, and completely false declarations, which were made by some of the most important Arab leaders, that the two blue stripes of the Israeli flag symbolize the Nile and the Euphrates, while in fact they are taken from the stripes of the Jewish praying shawl (Talit). The Israeli specialists assume that, on the whole, the Arabs will pay no attention to their serious discussions of the future, and the Lebanon war has proved them right. So why should they not continue with their old methods of persuading other Israelis?

6

In the United States a very similar situation exists, at least until now. The more or less serious commentators take their information about Israel, and much of their opinions about it, from two sources. The first is from articles in the “liberal” American press, written almost totally by Jewish admirers of Israel who, even if they are critical of some aspects of the Israeli state, practice loyally what Stalin used to call “the constructive criticism.” (In fact those among them who claim also to be “Anti-Stalinist” are in reality more Stalinist than Stalin, with Israel being their god which has not yet failed). In the framework of such critical worship it must be assumed that Israel has always “good intentions” and only “makes mistakes,” and therefore such a plan would not be a matter for discussion–exactly as the Biblical genocides committed by Jews are not mentioned. The other source of information, TheJerusalem Post, has similar policies. So long, therefore, as the situation exists in which Israel is really a “closed society” to the rest of the world, because the world wants to close its eyes, the publication and even the beginning of the realization of such a plan is realistic and feasible.

Israel Shahak

June 17, 1982 Jerusalem

About the Translator

Israel Shahak is a professor of organic chemistly at Hebrew University in Jerusalem and the chairman of the Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights. He published The Shahak Papers, collections of key articles from the Hebrew press, and is the author of numerous articles and books, among them Non-Jew in the Jewish State. His latest book is Israel’s Global Role: Weapons for Repression, published by the AAUG in 1982. Israel Shahak: (1933-2001)

Notes

 1. American Universities Field Staff. Report No.33, 1979. According to this research, the population of the world will be 6 billion in the year 2000. Today’s world population can be broken down as follows: China, 958 million; India, 635 million; USSR, 261 million; U.S., 218 million Indonesia, 140 million; Brazil and Japan, 110 million each. According to the figures of the U.N. Population Fund for 1980, there will be, in 2000, 50 cities with a population of over 5 million each. The population ofthp;Third World will then be 80% of the world population. According to Justin Blackwelder, U.S. Census Office chief, the world population will not reach 6 billion because of hunger.

 2. Soviet nuclear policy has been well summarized by two American Sovietologists: Joseph D. Douglas and Amoretta M. Hoeber, Soviet Strategy for Nuclear War, (Stanford, Ca., Hoover Inst. Press, 1979). In the Soviet Union tens and hundreds of articles and books are published each year which detail the Soviet doctrine for nuclear war and there is a great deal of documentation translated into English and published by the U.S. Air Force,including USAF: Marxism-Leninism on War and the Army: The Soviet View, Moscow, 1972; USAF: The Armed Forces of the Soviet State. Moscow, 1975, by Marshal A. Grechko. The basic Soviet approach to the matter is presented in the book by Marshal Sokolovski published in 1962 in Moscow: Marshal V. D. Sokolovski, Military Strategy, Soviet Doctrine and Concepts(New York, Praeger, 1963).

 3. A picture of Soviet intentions in various areas of the world can be drawn from the book by Douglas and Hoeber, ibid. For additional material see: Michael Morgan, “USSR’s Minerals as Strategic Weapon in the Future,” Defense and Foreign Affairs, Washington, D.C., Dec. 1979.

 4. Admiral of the Fleet Sergei Gorshkov, Sea Power and the State, London, 1979. Morgan, loc. cit. General George S. Brown (USAF) C-JCS, Statement to the Congress on the Defense Posture of the United States For Fiscal Year 1979, p. 103; National Security Council, Review of Non-Fuel Mineral Policy, (Washington, D.C. 1979,); DrewMiddleton, The New York Times, (9/15/79); Time, 9/21/80.

 5. Elie Kedourie, “The End of the Ottoman Empire,” Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 3, No.4, 1968.

 6. Al-Thawra, Syria 12/20/79, Al-Ahram,12/30/79, Al Ba’ath, Syria, 5/6/79. 55% of the Arabs are 20 years old and younger, 70% of the Arabs live in Africa, 55% of the Arabs under 15 are unemployed, 33% live in urban areas, Oded Yinon, “Egypt’s Population Problem,” The Jerusalem Quarterly, No. 15, Spring 1980.

 7. E. Kanovsky, “Arab Haves and Have Nots,” The Jerusalem Quarterly, No.1, Fall 1976, Al Ba’ath, Syria, 5/6/79.

 8. In his book, former Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin said that the Israeli government is in fact responsible for the design of American policy in the Middle East, after June ’67, because of its own indecisiveness as to the future of the territories and the inconsistency in its positions since it established the background for Resolution 242 and certainly twelve years later for the Camp David agreements and the peace treaty with Egypt. According to Rabin, on June 19, 1967, President Johnson sent a letter to Prime Minister Eshkol in which he did not mention anything about withdrawal from the new territories but exactly on the same day the government resolved to return territories in exchange for peace. After the Arab resolutions in Khartoum (9/1/67) the government altered its position but contrary to its decision of June 19, did not notify the U.S. of the alteration and the U.S. continued to support 242 in the Security Council on the basis of its earlier understanding that Israel is prepared to return territories. At that point it was already too late to change the U.S. position and Israel’s policy. From here the way was opened to peace agreements on the basis of 242 as was later agreed upon in Camp David. See Yitzhak Rabin. Pinkas Sherut, (Ma’ariv 1979) pp. 226-227.

 9. Foreign and Defense Committee Chairman Prof. Moshe Arens argued in an interview (Ma ‘ariv,10/3/80) that the Israeli government failed to prepare an economic plan before the Camp David agreements and was itself surprised by the cost of the agreements, although already during the negotiations it was possible to calculate the heavy price and the serious error involved in not having prepared the economic grounds for peace.

The former Minister of Treasury, Mr. Yigal Holwitz, stated that if it were not for the withdrawal from the oil fields, Israel would have a positive balance of payments (9/17/80). That same person said two years earlier that the government of Israel (from which he withdrew) had placed a noose around his neck. He was referring to the Camp David agreements (Ha’aretz, 11/3/78). In the course of the whole peace negotiations neither an expert nor an economics advisor was consulted, and the Prime Minister himself, who lacks knowledge and expertise in economics, in a mistaken initiative, asked the U.S. to give us a loan rather than a grant, due to his wish to maintain our respect and the respect of the U.S. towards us. See Ha’aretz1/5/79. Jerusalem Post, 9/7/79. Prof Asaf Razin, formerly a senior consultant in the Treasury, strongly criticized the conduct of the negotiations; Ha’aretz, 5/5/79. Ma’ariv, 9/7/79. As to matters concerning the oil fields and Israel’s energy crisis, see the interview with Mr. EitanEisenberg, a government advisor on these matters, Ma’arive Weekly, 12/12/78. The Energy Minister, who personally signed the Camp David agreements and the evacuation of Sdeh Alma, has since emphasized the seriousness of our condition from the point of view of oil supplies more than once…see Yediot Ahronot, 7/20/79. Energy Minister Modai even admitted that the government did not consult him at all on the subject of oil during the Camp David and Blair House negotiations. Ha’aretz, 8/22/79.

 10. Many sources report on the growth of the armaments budget in Egypt and on intentions to give the army preference in a peace epoch budget over domestic needs for which a peace was allegedly obtained. See former Prime Minister Mamduh Salam in an interview 12/18/77, Treasury Minister Abd El Sayeh in an interview 7/25/78, and the paper Al Akhbar, 12/2/78 which clearly stressed that the military budget will receive first priority, despite the peace. This is what former Prime Minister Mustafa Khalil has stated in his cabinet’s programmatic document which was presented to Parliament, 11/25/78. See English translation, ICA, FBIS, Nov. 27. 1978, pp. D 1-10.

According to these sources, Egypt’s military budget increased by 10% between fiscal 1977 and 1978, and the process still goes on. A Saudi source divulged that the Egyptians plan to increase their militmy budget by 100% in the next two years;Ha’aretz, 2/12/79 and Jerusalem Post, 1/14/79.

 11. Most of the economic estimates threw doubt on Egypt’s ability to reconstruct its economy by 1982. See Economic Intelligence Unit, 1978 Supplement, “The Arab Republic of Egypt”; E. Kanovsky, “Recent Economic Developments in the Middle East,” Occasional Papers, The Shiloah Institution, June 1977; Kanovsky, “The Egyptian Economy Since the Mid-Sixties, The Micro Sectors,” Occasional Papers, June 1978; Robert McNamara, President of World Bank, as reported in Times, London, 1/24/78.

 12. See the comparison made by the researeh of the Institute for Strategic Studies in London, and research camed out in the Center for Strategic Studies of Tel Aviv University, as well as the research by the British scientist, Denis Champlin, Military Review, Nov. 1979, ISS: The Military Balance 1979-1980, CSS; Security Arrangements in Sinai…by Brig. Gen. (Res.) A Shalev, No. 3.0 CSS; The Military Balance and the Military Options after the Peace Treaty with Egypt, by Brig. Gen. (Res.) Y. Raviv, No.4, Dec. 1978, as well as many press reports including El Hawadeth, London, 3/7/80; El Watan El Arabi, Paris, 12/14/79.

 13. As for religious ferment in Egypt and the relations between Copts and Moslems see the series of articles published in the Kuwaiti paper, El Qabas, 9/15/80. The English author Irene Beeson reports on the rift between Moslems and Copts, see: Irene Beeson, Guardian, London, 6/24/80, and Desmond Stewart, Middle EastInternmational, London 6/6/80. For other reports see Pamela Ann Smith, Guardian, London, 12/24/79; The Christian Science Monitor 12/27/79 as well as Al Dustour, London, 10/15/79; El Kefah El Arabi, 10/15/79.

 14. Arab Press Service, Beirut, 8/6-13/80. The New Republic, 8/16/80, Der Spiegel as cited by Ha’aretz, 3/21/80, and 4/30-5/5/80; The Economist, 3/22/80; Robert Fisk,Times, London, 3/26/80; Ellsworth Jones, Sunday Times, 3/30/80.

 15.  J.P.  Peroncell  Hugoz,  Le  Monde,  Paris  4/28/80;  Dr.  Abbas  Kelidar,  Middle  East  Review,  Summer  1979;

Conflict Studies, ISS, July 1975; Andreas Kolschitter, Der Zeit, (Ha’aretz, 9/21/79)Economist Foreign Report, 10/10/79, Afro-Asian Affairs, London, July 1979.

 16. Arnold Hottinger, “The Rich Arab States in Trouble,” The New York Review of Books, 5/15/80; Arab Press Service, Beirut, 6/25-7/2/80; U.S. News and World Report, 11/5/79 as well as El Ahram, 11/9/79; El Nahar El Arabi Wal Duwali, Paris 9/7/79; El Hawadeth, 11/9/79; David Hakham, Monthly Review, IDF, Jan.-Feb. 79.

 17. As for Jordan’s policies and problems see El Nahar El Arabi Wal Duwali, 4/30/79, 7/2/79; Prof. Elie Kedouri, Ma’ariv 6/8/79; Prof. Tanter, Davar 7/12/79; A. Safdi,Jerusalem Post, 5/31/79; El Watan El Arabi 11/28/79; El Qabas, 11/19/79. As for PLO positions see: The resolutions of the Fatah Fourth Congress, Damascus, August 1980.The Shefa’amr program of the Israeli Arabs was published in Ha’aretz, 9/24/80, and byArab Press Report 6/18/80. For facts and figures on immigration of Arabs to Jordan, see Amos Ben Vered, Ha’aretz, 2/16/77; Yossef Zuriel, Ma’ariv 1/12/80. As to the PLO’s position towards Israel see Shlomo Gazit, Monthly Review; July 1980; Hani ElHasan in an interview, Al Rai Al’Am, Kuwait 4/15/80; Avi Plaskov, “The Palestinian Problem,” Survival, ISS, London Jan. Feb. 78; David Gutrnann, “The Palestinian Myth,”Commentary, Oct. 75; Bernard Lewis, “The Palestinians and the PLO,” CommentaryJan. 75; Monday Morning, Beirut, 8/18-21/80; Journal of Palestine Studies, Winter 1980.

 18. Prof. Yuval Neeman, “Samaria–The Basis for Israel’s Security,” Ma’arakhot 272-273, May/June 1980; Ya’akov Hasdai, “Peace, the Way and the Right to Know,” Dvar Hashavua, 2/23/80. Aharon Yariv, “Strategic Depth–An Israeli Perspective,”Ma’arakhot 270-271, October 1979; Yitzhak Rabin, “Israel’s Defense Problems in the Eighties,” Ma’arakhot October 1979.

 19. Ezra Zohar, In the Regime’s Pliers (Shikmona, 1974); Motti Heinrich, Do We have a Chance Israel, Truth Versus Legend (Reshafim, 1981).

 20. Henry Kissinger, “The Lessons of the Past,” The Washington Review Vol 1, Jan. 1978; Arthur Ross, “OPEC’s Challenge to the West,” The Washington Quarterly, Winter, 1980; Walter Levy, “Oil and the Decline of the West,” Foreign Affairs, Summer 1980; Special Report–”Our Armed Forees-Ready or Not?” U.S. News and World Report 10/10/77; Stanley Hoffman, “Reflections on the Present Danger,” The New York Review of Books 3/6/80; Time 4/3/80; Leopold Lavedez “The illusions of SALT”Commentary Sept. 79; Norman Podhoretz, “The Present Danger,” Commentary March 1980; Robert Tucker, “Oil and American Power Six Years Later,” Commentary Sept. 1979; Norman Podhoretz, “The Abandonment of Israel,” Commentary July 1976; Elie Kedourie, “Misreading the Middle East,” Commentary July 1979.

 21. According to figures published by Ya’akov Karoz, Yediot Ahronot, 10/17/80, the sum total of anti-Semitic incidents recorded in the world in 1979 was double the amount recorded in 1978. In Germany, France, and Britain the number of anti-Semitic incidents was many times greater in that year. In the U.S. as well there has been a sharp increase in anti-Semitic incidents which were reported in that article. For the new anti-Semitism, see L. Talmon, “The New Anti-Semitism,” The New Republic, 9/18/1976; Barbara Tuchman, “They poisoned the Wells,” Newsweek 2/3/75.

The original source of this article is Association of Arab-American University Graduates, Inc.

Copyright © Israel Shahak, Association of Arab-American University Graduates, Inc., 2015

Ideologi Palestin Sejarah

The Zionist Plan for the Middle East

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